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Biology · Class 11
Fossils: sequence in rocks, transitional named (Archaeopteryx if the book). Homologous limbs: same bones, different jobs (descent). Analogous: same job, different origin (wing of insect and bird) — convergent. Vestigial: leftover (whale pelvis named). Embryos: pharyngeal slits named carefully, not Haeckel copies. DNA/protein similarity. Biogeography: islands, Darwin's finches named. These are scho
PracticeAsexual: one parent, no gamete fusion, offspring genetically alike (clones in the school wording). Binary fission, budding, fragmentation, spore, vegetative (tuber, runner, cutting named). Fast, good in a stable place; little variety if conditions change. Sexual: two gametes, meiosis, variation, slower, needs meeting of gametes. Alternation of generations already met in plants.
PracticeBiodiversity: variety of species, genes, ecosystems. Hotspots named. Why keep it: ecosystem services (pollination, water, medicine named as a class, not a biopiracy guide), ethics, future options. Threats: habitat loss, overharvest, invasive species, pollution, climate. Conservation: parks, corridors, seed banks, captive breeding named — slogans, not a zoo-breeding protocol. Endangered vs extinct.