1. What is the major difference in solving simple problems and complex problems?
Answer: The major difference lies in the approach required. Simple problems can often be solved directly with a single step or a short sequence of steps, and the solution is straightforward. Complex problems, however, require decomposition into smaller, more manageable sub-problems. They often require abstraction, pattern recognition, and the design of sophisticated algorithms. Complex problems may also require collaboration, iteration, and testing to arrive at a correct and efficient solution.
2. Why software designers prefer to use IPO charts?
Answer: Software designers prefer IPO (Input-Process-Output) charts because they provide a clear, structured way to define the scope and functionality of a program or module before coding begins. The IPO chart helps in identifying the required inputs, the processing steps needed to transform those inputs, and the expected outputs. This improves communication among team members, aids in documentation, and helps in identifying potential issues early in the design phase.
3. Differentiate between Computational thinking and Logical thinking.
Answer:
| Feature | Computational Thinking | Logical Thinking |
| Definition | A problem-solving process that involves formulating problems and
solutions in a way that can be executed by a computer. | The process of using reasoning
consistently to come to a conclusion. |
| Focus | Abstraction, decomposition, pattern recognition, algorithm design. | Deduction, induction, and sound
reasoning. |
| Application | Solving problems using computers. | Solving problems in general, including
everyday life. |
4. Write four properties of Computational thinking.
Answer: Four key properties of computational thinking are:
1. Decomposition: Breaking down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable parts.
2. Pattern Recognition: Identifying similarities or trends within and across problems.
3. Abstraction: Filtering out irrelevant details to focus on the essential features of a problem.
4. Algorithm Design: Developing a step-by-step solution to the problem.
5. What are the methods used to design a solution?
Answer: Methods used to design a solution include:
1. Algorithm Design: Creating a step-by-step procedure.
2. Flowcharting: Using standard symbols to represent the flow of control graphically.
3. Pseudocoding: Writing a text-based, informal description of the algorithm.
4. IPO Charts: Identifying Inputs, Processes, and Outputs.
5. Top-Down Design: Breaking the problem into sub-problems and solving each.
6. Which Computational thinking technique breaks down the problem into smaller parts?
Answer: The computational thinking technique that breaks down a problem into smaller parts is Decomposition. It involves dividing a complex problem into smaller, more manageable sub-problems that can be solved individually. The solutions to the sub-problems are then combined to solve the original problem. This makes complex problems easier to understand, solve, and manage.
7. Identify 3 computing problems from other subjects that you are studying in your class.
Answer: Three computing problems from other subjects:
1. Mathematics: Calculating the roots of a quadratic equation (Algorithm Design).
2. Physics: Simulating the trajectory of a projectile (Modeling and Simulation).
3. Biology: Analyzing DNA sequences to find patterns (Pattern Recognition and Data Analysis).
8. Why do we need to think computationally?
Answer: We need to think computationally to solve complex problems efficiently and effectively. Computational thinking provides a structured approach to problem-solving that can be applied to various domains, not just computer science. It helps in breaking down problems, identifying patterns, designing algorithms, and automating solutions. It is a fundamental skill for the 21st century, useful in science, engineering, business, and everyday life.
9. The telephone numbers usually have 9 digits. Out of these 9, the first two digits represent the area code and are remained constant within a given area. The last 7 digits represents the number, and it cannot begin with 0. How many different telephone numbers are possible with a given area code.
Answer:
The telephone number has 7 digits (after the area code). The first digit cannot be 0, so it has 9 possibilities (1-9). The remaining 6 digits can be any digit from 0 to 9, so each has 10 possibilities.
Total number of possible numbers = 9 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 9 × 10⁶ = 9,000,000.
10. From city A to city B, there are 4 different roads and from city B to city C there are 2 different roads. Draw a map of given situation and identify how many possible routes are there that someone can follow to reach from city A to city C passing by B?
Answer: (Diagram Description)
Draw point A, point B, and point C. Draw 4 lines connecting A to B. Draw 2 lines connecting B to C.
To find the total number of routes from A to C via B, multiply the number of choices for each leg: 4 × 2 = 8 possible routes.
