BiologyChapter 11: Reproduction
Menstrual Cycle (hormones Named)
School outline: roughly a month in many books.
Learning objectives
- Explain menstrual cycle (hormones named) in clear biological language.
- Distinguish 1. first half from 2. second half.
- Use the key terms to answer a short Federal Board exam question.
Definition
School outline: roughly a month in many books. FSH: follicle grows. Oestrogen: lining thickens. LH peak: ovulation named (egg released). Progesterone from corpus luteum: lining stays. If no pregnancy, progesterone falls, lining sheds (menstruation). If pregnancy, hCG named as a keep-corpus signal in some books. No calendar-as-contraception advice, no doses, no brand names. The menstrual cycle is controlled by a precise hormone sequence: FSH, oestrogen, LH peak (ovulation), then progesterone. It is an exam diagram topic, not contraception advice.
Important terms
- MENSTRUAL CYCLE (HORMONES NAMED)
- School outline: roughly a month in many books.
- 1. FIRST HALF
- Follicular phase named.
- 2. SECOND HALF
- Luteal phase named.
Overview
Four hormone words on a timeline:
First Half
Follicular phase named. Period days are the shed. Then rebuild. Oestrogen rises. One follicle usually dominates (school). Menstruation (days 1–5): lining sheds. Follicular phase: FSH grows follicle, oestrogen rebuilds lining. One follicle becomes dominant; oestrogen peaks.
Examples Day numbers vary · Do not use this as a planner · LH surge -> ovulation
Second Half
Luteal phase named. Progesterone high. Temperature tale if the book has it. No pregnancy: corpus luteum fades, shed again. Pregnancy: lining kept. Ovulation (~day 14): LH surge releases egg. Luteal phase: corpus luteum secretes progesterone. If no pregnancy, progesterone falls and cycle repeats.
Examples Corpus luteum · hCG named optional · No drug protocol
WHAT — MENSTRUAL CYCLE (HORMONES NAMED)
School outline: roughly a month in many books. FSH: follicle grows. Oestrogen: lining thickens. LH peak: ovulation named (egg released). Progesterone from corpus luteum: lining stays. If no pregnancy, progesterone falls, lining sheds (menstruation). If pregnancy, hCG named as a keep-corpus signal in some books. No calendar-as-contraception advice, no doses, no brand names. The menstrual cycle is controlled by a precise hormone sequence: FSH, oestrogen, LH peak (ovulation), then progesterone. It is an exam diagram topic, not contraception advice.
WHY — Why this topic matters
MENSTRUAL CYCLE (HORMONES NAMED) is an independent FBISE learning unit because students must connect its structures and processes with their biological functions and examples.
HOW — How it works
FIRST HALF: Follicular phase named. Period days are the shed. Then rebuild. Oestrogen rises. One follicle usually dominates (school). Menstruation (days 1–5): lining sheds. Follicular phase: FSH grows follicle, oestrogen rebuilds lining. One follicle becomes dominant; oestrogen peaks. Examples: Day numbers vary; Do not use this as a planner; LH surge -> ovulation. SECOND HALF: Luteal phase named. Progesterone high. Temperature tale if the book has it. No pregnancy: corpus luteum fades, shed again. Pregnancy: lining kept. Ovulation (~day 14): LH surge releases egg. Luteal phase: corpus luteum secretes progesterone. If no pregnancy, progesterone falls and cycle repeats. Examples: Corpus luteum; hCG named optional; No drug protocol. Match: LH peak -> ovulation (school). Progesterone -> lining maintained. Fall of progesterone -> menstruation if no pregnancy.
Explanation
Match: LH peak -> ovulation (school). Progesterone -> lining maintained. Fall of progesterone -> menstruation if no pregnancy.
In simple words
Hormone names for exams. No doses, no contraception how-to, no cycle-as-method.
Key points
- FSH, oestrogen, LH, progesterone
- ovulation named
- FSH then oestrogen
- progesterone holds lining
Exam preparation
Exam Focus
Quick revision
Revision Zone
Review the key facts, formulas and checks before you move on.Menstrual Cycle (hormones Named)
Sticky Notes · Quick Revision
Core Idea
- School outline: roughly a month in many books. FSH: follicle grows. Oestrogen: lining thickens. LH peak: ovulation named (egg released). Progesterone from corpus luteum: lining stays. If no pregnancy, progesterone falls, lining sheds (menstruation). If pregnancy, hCG named as a keep-corpus signal in some books. No calendar-as-contraception advice, no doses, no brand names. The menstrual cycle is controlled by a precise hormone sequence: FSH, oestrogen, LH peak (ovulation), then progesterone. It is an exam diagram topic, not contraception advice.
1. FIRST HALF
- Follicular phase named. Period days are the shed. Then rebuild. Oestrogen rises. One follicle usually dominates (school). Menstruation (days 1–5): lining sheds. Follicular phase: FSH grows follicle, oestrogen rebuilds lining. One follicle becomes dominant; oestrogen peaks.
2. SECOND HALF
- Luteal phase named. Progesterone high. Temperature tale if the book has it. No pregnancy: corpus luteum fades, shed again. Pregnancy: lining kept. Ovulation (~day 14): LH surge releases egg. Luteal phase: corpus luteum secretes progesterone. If no pregnancy, progesterone falls and cycle repeats.
Exam Example
- Match:
- LH peak -> ovulation (school).
- Progesterone -> lining maintained.
- Fall of progesterone -> menstruation if no pregnancy.
Common Misconception
- Do not treat 1. FIRST HALF and 2. SECOND HALF as the same idea; each explains a different part of the topic.
FBISE Exam Check
- Define menstrual cycle (hormones named), explain the two key parts, and use the correct biological terms.
- Exam reminder: Match: LH peak -> ovulation (school). Progesterone -> lining maintained. Fall of progesterone -> menstruation if no pregnancy.
60-second revision
- School outline: roughly a month in many books.
- 1. FIRST HALF: Follicular phase named.
- 2. SECOND HALF: Luteal phase named.
- Exam reminder: Match: LH peak -> ovulation (school). Progesterone -> lining maintained. Fall of progesterone -> menstruation if no pregnancy.
Did you understand this topic?
Your answer is saved with your learning record. It does not mark the topic as mastered.