X-Rays

X-rays are high-frequency electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet radiation and generally longer than gamma rays. X-rays have enough photon energy to be classed as ionising radiation.

In an X-ray tube, fast electrons are accelerated and then rapidly decelerated when they strike a metal target. This can produce X-rays.

X-rays pass through soft tissues more easily than through dense bone. As a result, bones absorb more X-rays and appear with strong contrast in X-ray images.

security scanning; industrial inspection; * material analysis.

Because X-rays are ionising, excessive exposure can damage cells and DNA. Medical use therefore involves controlled doses and shielding.