PhysicsChapter 12: Nuclear Physics
Charge and Size
Introduction
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation differ in charge, relative mass and physical nature.
Definition
Alpha — α
An alpha particle is a helium nucleus. It contains: 2 protons; 2 neutrons. Charge: **+2e Relative mass: approximately 4**
Beta — β
At this level, beta radiation usually refers mainly to a fast electron emitted in beta-minus decay. Charge: **−1e** Relative mass: approximately **11836** of a proton.
Gamma — γ
Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation. Charge: 0 Rest mass: 0
Size and Interaction
Alpha particles are relatively massive and strongly interacting. Beta particles are much lighter. Gamma rays are photons and are not particles with rest mass like alpha or beta particles.
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Review the key facts, formulas and checks before you move on.Charge and Size
Sticky Notes · Quick Revision
ALPHA
- +2, mass ≈4
BETA
- −1, tiny mass
GAMMA
- 0 charge, 0 rest mass