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Transformers
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Transformers
Recommended for Class 10
Transformers
A transformer changes the magnitude of an alternating voltage using electromagnetic induction.
It normally contains:
primary coil; secondary coil; * magnetic core.
How It Works
Alternating current in the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field in the core.
This changing magnetic flux links the secondary coil and induces an alternating e.m.f.
Step-Up Transformer
A step-up transformer increases voltage.
Nₛ > Nₚ
and ideally:
Vₛ > Vₚ
Step-Down Transformer
A step-down transformer decreases voltage.
Nₛ < Nₚ
and:
Vₛ < Vₚ
Ideal Transformer
**Vₛ/Vₚ = Nₛ/Nₚ**
For an ideal transformer:
**VₚIₚ = VₛIₛ**
Why A.C. Is Required
A transformer needs changing magnetic flux.
A steady d.c. supply does not continuously produce the changing flux required for normal transformer action.
Transformers — Advanced
Common Mistakes
Common Mistakes
- Mistake
Transformer does not produce free energy.
- Mistake
Step-up voltage means current decreases in an ideal power-conserving transformer.
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Practice
PQ
Q1. Define transformer
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Q2. step-up
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Q3. step-down
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Q4. turns equation
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Q5. explain why AC is needed.
Exam Practice
EQ
Q1. Explain transformer operation.
EQ
Q2. Differentiate step-up/down.
EQ
Q3. Use turns ratio.
EQ
Q4. Explain power relation.
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Q5. Why does steady DC not work normally?
School-standard facts for Matric and Intermediate. Original explanations — not copied from textbooks.