Constant Acceleration Equations
For constant a, v=u+at and s=s0+ut+(12)at2 follow by integration.
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For constant a, v=u+at and s=s0+ut+(12)at2 follow by integration.
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Halogenoalkanes (Alkyl Halides): Compounds with the general formula R-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen. · Halogenoarenes…
The main idea is that the substituent already attached to the benzene ring directs the incoming electrophile to specific positions (ortho, meta, or para) and…
Amines accept H+ (Bronsted) using the lone pair. Aqueous: weakly alkaline, turn litmus blue. Alkyl amines often a bit stronger bases than NH3 (book: alkyl push…
Oxidation of Pyruvate: The conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA through decarboxylation, oxidation, and addition of coenzyme A is called the oxidation of…
Spot in a corner. Run, dry, turn, run with a different solvent. A single Rf in one solvent can match two substances; two solvents make a pair of Rf values.…
The chapter-wide chem-11-key-idea integrates water resources, pollution, monitoring, treatment and conservation into one environmental-chemistry framework:…
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in which one substance is dissolved in the other. Simple explanation: A solution is…
Cut a paper strip about 2-3 cm wide. Draw a baseline about 1.5-2 cm from the end in PENCIL, not ink. Ink would dissolve and run with the sample. Put a tiny…
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, often producing compatible ends. DNA ligase seals phosphodiester bonds to join fragments.
An air pollutant is a substance present in the atmosphere at a concentration that can harm human health, living organisms, materials or the environment.
Weightlessness in a satellite is caused by shared free fall, not by the complete absence of gravity. Apparent weight equals the normal reaction, which becomes…
Sulphuric acid is one of the most important industrial chemicals and is used in the manufacture and processing of many products.
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a chemical bond. Simple explanation: Electronegativity tells you…
Electrical power is the rate at which a device transfers or converts electrical energy.
SN2: substitution, nucleophilic, two species in the slow step. Nu attacks from the back as X leaves (concerted). Favoured by primary C-X (less crowding) and by…
Catalyst: A substance which accelerates a chemical reaction but remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction. Catalysis: The phenomenon in…
Infections that can spread through sexual contact are named in the syllabus (HIV, hepatitis B, gonorrhoea, syphilis, HPV as the book lists). This page is…
Mean, median, and mode are the three averages that locate a list. The median is the middle value after you order the data. The unit symbol is x-tilde (read 'x…
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): ATP is a mononucleotide consisting of adenine (a nitrogen base), ribose (a five-carbon sugar), and three phosphates. It is…
pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Mathematically, it is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion…
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are organic biomolecules or their derivatives in which all the carbon atoms are hydrated, having the generalized