2.2.1 Quantum Numbers and Electronic Configuration
Electronic Configuration: The distribution of electrons around the nucleus in orbits and, in turn, in orbitals.
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Electronic Configuration: The distribution of electrons around the nucleus in orbits and, in turn, in orbitals.
Oxygen supports combustion. A glowing splint relights in O2. In the lab it often comes from H2O2 decomposition (with a catalyst such as MnO2). A gas that makes…
The work-energy principle states that the net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy: Wnet = Kf · Ki = ΔK. For conservative forces, ΔK =…
A discontinuity may be removable, jump, or infinite; classify it from one-sided behaviour.
In the lab, CO2 is made from HCl + marble chips (CaCO3) -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. Limewater is aqueous Ca(OH)2. The gas turns limewater milky because solid CaCO3…
A chromosome is DNA plus protein (chromatin packed). Diploid humans: 46, 23 pairs. Homologous pair: same genes, maybe different alleles. Autosomes 1-22; sex…
Monohybrid cross: A genetic cross between two individuals that differ in one trait, such as seed shape (round vs. wrinkled).
Diffusion: Diffusion is the process by which gas particles spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration due to their…
Three titres within 0.1 cm^3 are precise. If you used the wrong indicator, they can still be invalid. An outlier: check the burette, do not hide it. Accuracy…
Strength of Acid: The ability of an acid to donate a proton. Strength of Base: The ability of a base to accept a proton.
Genetic editing (also called genome editing) is a group of techniques used by genetic scientists to modify the DNA (genes) of an organism. It is done…
Make a hot saturated solution, check cloudiness on a glass rod, cool, then filter. Slow cooling lets particles join a tidy lattice, so crystals are larger and…
The main idea is that the total charge on a complex ion is the sum of the oxidation state of the central metal ion and the charges of all the ligands. By…
Importance of Protists to Humans: Protists have both useful and harmful impacts on human life, including their roles in ecosystems, industry, medicine, and…
Inner circle radius r, outer R. Chord of the outer touches the inner at T. Then OT perp the chord and OT=r, so d=r for every such chord.
Data Transmission: Data transmission in a computer system refers to how data moves between components like the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output…
State excluded values. Multiply every term by the LCD to clear fractions. Solve the polynomial (often linear or quadratic). Check each candidate in the…
Statistical modeling is the use of mathematical models and statistical assumptions to generate sample data and make predictions about the real world. In…
Mitosis clone. Meiosis reduce and mix. Mutation types named. Karyotype 46. Down named respectfully. One division: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.…
Electrode Potential (E°): The tendency of a metal to become oxidized or reduced when placed in its salt solution is called electrode potential…
Kinetic theory models a gas as many tiny molecules in random motion whose elastic collisions obey Newton’s laws. It connects microscopic molecular motion with…
Only a gene (or a transcription unit) is copied. Cap and tail named in euk. mRNA goes to a ribosome. tRNA and rRNA are other RNA jobs. Only the template strand…
Ozone cycle named (O2O / O3). UV-B harm slogans (skin, not a medical protocol). CFCs named as old ozone-eaters. Not a method to make ozone holes.…
Stem Cells: Stem cells are cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body. In simple words: Stem cells are…